Carlson-Sabelli et al . ( 1992 ) and Carlson-Sabelli, Sabelli, and Hale ( 1994 ) have criticized the traditional sociometric measurement for ( a ) focusing on choices and ignoring why choices are made, ( b ) treating opposites ( choice versus rejection and indifference ) as mutually exclusive categories or as the opposite ends of a continuum ( i . e ., love and hate toward the same person can coexist resulting in push and pull processes operating simultaneously ), and ( c ) using a linear scale whereby choices are rank ordered from least to most.
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